Mesenchymal-like (MES-like) glioblastoma cell state胶质母细胞瘤间充质样（MES 样）细胞状态
What is the mesenchymal-like (MES-like) state in glioblastoma?胶质母细胞瘤的间充质样（MES 样）状态是什么？
Modeling brain tumor cell states with AI virtual cells.用 AI 虚拟细胞刻画脑肿瘤细胞状态。
GlioState is a curated, source-verified knowledge hub on AI virtual cells, read through the lens of neuro-oncology: glioblastoma and glioma, other brain tumors, brain metastases — and the largely unmapped niche of spinal cord tumors.GlioState 是一个经过逐条核验的 AI 虚拟细胞知识库，以神经肿瘤学视角整理：胶质母细胞瘤与胶质瘤、其他脑肿瘤、脑转移瘤，以及几乎空白的脊髓肿瘤方向。
Browse the library (139)浏览文献库（139 条）Brain tumor view脑肿瘤专题Review: GBM cell states综述：GBM 细胞状态
What is an AI virtual cell?什么是 AI 虚拟细胞？
As defined by Bunne et al. (Cell, 2024), an AI virtual cell is built on multimodal, multiscale, universal representations of cells; it aims to simulate in silico how cell states change under arbitrary perturbations and to act as a “virtual instrument” that guides real experiments.Bunne 等（Cell，2024）提出：AI 虚拟细胞以多模态、多尺度的通用细胞表征为基础，旨在计算机中模拟细胞在任意扰动下的状态变化，并作为“虚拟实验仪器”指导真实实验。 VC0001
Benchmarks also show that current deep models often fail to beat simple linear baselines on perturbation prediction — so we track critiques as carefully as claims.同时，多项基准研究显示当前深度模型在扰动预测上常常不如简单线性基线——因此我们同样认真追踪批评与反证。 VC0048
Our mission我们的使命
- Every item verified against PubMed, Europe PMC, Crossref or an official page.每条条目均对照 PubMed、Europe PMC、Crossref 或官方页面核验。
- A clinician-researcher’s view of what matters for brain and spinal cord tumors.以临床医生-研究者视角，聚焦脑与脊髓肿瘤真正重要的问题。
- Bilingual (English / 中文), updated weekly, open to read.中英双语、每周更新、免费开放。
- Not medical advice; not a recommendation.不构成医疗建议，也不构成推荐。
47 items are directly about brain tumors, 18 partly relevant.其中 47 条直接涉及脑肿瘤，18 条部分相关。
Research network研究知识网络
All research hubs →全部研究专题 →Neural-progenitor-like (NPC-like) and OPC-like glioma cell states神经前体样（NPC 样）与少突前体样（OPC 样）胶质瘤细胞状态
What are NPC-like and OPC-like cells in glioblastoma?GBM 中的 NPC 样与 OPC 样细胞是什么？
Glioblastoma single-cell and spatial datasets胶质母细胞瘤单细胞与空间数据集
What single-cell and spatial datasets exist for glioblastoma?胶质母细胞瘤有哪些单细胞与空间数据集？
AI virtual cell modelsAI 虚拟细胞模型
What is an AI virtual cell model?什么是 AI 虚拟细胞模型？
Perturbation data for glioblastoma: radiotherapy, drugs and CRISPR胶质母细胞瘤扰动数据：放疗、药物与 CRISPR
What perturbation data exist for glioblastoma?胶质母细胞瘤有哪些扰动数据？
Therapy-induced plasticity in glioblastoma胶质母细胞瘤的治疗诱导可塑性
Does glioblastoma change cell state after radiotherapy and chemotherapy?放化疗后胶质母细胞瘤的细胞状态会改变吗？
Validating virtual cells: benchmarks, baselines and critiques虚拟细胞的验证：基准、基线与批评
How are virtual cell models validated?虚拟细胞模型如何验证？
Do Neftel-style GBM state calls replicate across platforms? A GlioState re-analysis (draft)Neftel 式 GBM 状态判定能否跨平台复现？GlioState 再分析（初稿）
Do GBM cell-state calls replicate on an independent platform, and does the state structure go beyond the signature genes?GBM 细胞状态判定能否在独立平台上复现，状态结构是否超出特征基因本身？
Brain tumor highlights脑肿瘤重点条目
All brain tumor items →全部脑肿瘤条目 →An Integrative Model of Cellular States, Plasticity, and Genetics for Glioblastoma.
Neftel C et al. · Cell · 2019-07-18
Neftel et al.: four GBM malignant states (NPC/OPC/AC/MES), plasticity and genetics.Neftel等：GBM四种恶性细胞状态及可塑性——虚拟细胞建模的核心“状态空间”。
Charting the single-cell and spatial landscape of IDH-wild-type glioblastoma with GBmap.
Ruiz-Moreno C et al. · Neuro-oncology · 2025-10-01
GBmap: single-cell & spatial reference atlas of IDH-wt GBM (>1M cells).GBmap：IDH野生型GBM单细胞与空间参考图谱。
In vivo perturb-seq of cancer and microenvironment cells dissects oncologic drivers and radiotherapy responses in glioblastoma.
Liu SJ et al. · Genome biology · 2024-10-07
In vivo Perturb-seq of GBM and microenvironment dissects drivers and radiotherapy responses.GBM体内Perturb-seq：解析驱动基因与放疗反应——脑肿瘤虚拟细胞的关键训练数据类型。
Interactions between cancer cells and immune cells drive transitions to mesenchymal-like states in glioblastoma.
Hara T et al. · Cancer cell · 2025-05-27
Hara et al.: immune–cancer interactions drive MES-like transitions in GBM.免疫细胞驱动GBM向间充质样状态转变。
A Proteome-Calibrated Mechanistic Digital Twin of the Glioblastoma Astrocyte Derived from Patient Multi-Omic Data
Mayfield JD. · bioRxiv · 2026-04-23
Proteome-calibrated mechanistic digital twin of the GBM astrocyte (bioRxiv 2026).蛋白质组校准的GBM星形细胞机制性数字孪生（预印本）。
Single-cell and spatial genomic landscape of non-small cell lung cancer brain metastases.
Tagore S et al. · Nature medicine · 2025-02-27
Single-cell & spatial landscape of NSCLC brain metastases (Nat Med 2025).非小细胞肺癌脑转移单细胞与空间图谱。
Latest additions最新条目
Full library →完整文献库 →Engineered regulatory states resolve context-dependent genetics in macular degeneration
Metzner E, Guruvayurappan K, Southard KM, Ardy RC, Dey KK, Norman TM. · bioRxiv · 2026-10-12
Norman/Dey labs (MSKCC): CRISPRa Multiome Perturb-seq of 119 TFs + dual-guide Perturb-seq of 1,225 TF pairs in RPE-1; chromatin priming predicts emergent states; Mosaic (Transformer) predicts TF-pair interaction residuals (r=0.484) and nominated a validated triple-TF combination.Norman/Dey 实验室（MSKCC）：在 RPE-1 中对 119 个 TF 做 CRISPRa Multiome Perturb-seq、对 1,225 个 TF 对做双向导 Perturb-seq；染色质预激活可预测新兴状态；Mosaic（Transformer）预测 TF 对相互作用残差（r=0.484），并提名经实验验证的三 TF 组合。
A State-Resolved Single-Cell and Spatial Atlas Reveals IDH-Associated Differences in Malignant and Immune Architecture in Diffuse Glioma.
Zaman A et al. · MedComm · 2026-10-04
State-resolved sc+spatial atlas of IDH-associated differences in glioma.IDH相关胶质瘤状态分辨图谱。
ISP 3 Platform powered by Geneformer: Framework for Cross-Species, Sequential, and Multi-Gene In Silico Perturbation Screens with Application to iPS Cell State Transitions
Sanaki Y, Shigenobu S, Niwa R. · bioRxiv · 2026-09-24
ISP3 platform: Geneformer-based sequential multi-gene in silico perturbation.ISP3平台：基于Geneformer的多基因序贯模拟扰动。
Beyond the drug-centric view: Advancing AI virtual cell platforms for environmental perturbation modelling.
Ukaegbu D, Curean V, Bender A, Maertens A. · ALTEX · 2026-09-17
Perspective on AI virtual cell platforms for environmental perturbation modelling.观点：虚拟细胞用于环境暴露/毒理扰动建模。
Spatial and single-cell dissection of medulloblastoma identifies developmental hierarchies and a prognostic PPIA-BSG tumor-immune axis.
Chen M, Duan B, Zhang J, Daniels C, Hu C, Yuan J, Guo J, Taylor MD, Shi X, Zhang L, Li D, Sun T. · Journal of translational medicine · 2026-09-15
Spatial + single-cell dissection of medulloblastoma hierarchies (2026).髓母细胞瘤空间与单细胞层级（2026）。
An operational perturbation proteomics-based virtual cell model.
Sun R et al. · Nature · 2026-09-09
Nature 2026: operational perturbation-proteomics-based virtual cell model.Nature 2026：基于扰动蛋白质组的可操作虚拟细胞模型。
Upcoming conferences近期会议
Calendar →会议日历 →Virtual Cell Challenge 2026 (zero-shot, 6 unseen cell lines)
virtualcellchallenge.org · Confirmed on official page官网已确认 VC0107
2026 challenge: validation since Aug 20; final test set Oct 22; submissions due Nov 5 23:59 UTC; winners mid-late Nov (Arc official).2026挑战赛：8月20日起验证；10月22日发布终测集；11月5日23:59 UTC截止；11月中下旬公布（Arc官网确认）。
SNO 2026 31st Annual Meeting
Philadelphia, PA (to Nov 15) · Confirmed on official page官网已确认 VC0122
SNO 2026, Nov 12-15, Philadelphia; SNO 2027 Nov 18-21 Phoenix.SNO 2026：11月12-15日费城；2027年11月18-21日凤凰城。
NeurIPS 2026 Workshop: Foundation Models for the Brain and Body
NeurIPS 2026, Sydney · Confirmed on official page官网已确认 VC0119
NeurIPS 2026 workshop on FMs for brain and body (Dec 11-12, Sydney).NeurIPS 2026脑与身体基础模型研讨会。
AgenticLS @ NeurIPS 2026 — Agentic AI for Biological Discovery
NeurIPS 2026, Sydney · Confirmed on official page官网已确认 VC0120
NeurIPS 2026 workshop on agentic AI for biology.NeurIPS 2026生物发现智能体研讨会。
Frequently asked questions常见问题
What is an AI virtual cell?什么是 AI 虚拟细胞？
An AI virtual cell is a computational model intended to simulate how a cell’s state changes under perturbations such as gene edits or drugs. Bunne et al. (Cell, 2024) define it as built on multimodal, multiscale, universal cell representations that can act as a “virtual instrument” to guide experiments. A “world model” framing of the virtual cell has since been proposed. It remains a research goal rather than a finished, validated tool.AI 虚拟细胞是一种计算模型，旨在模拟细胞在基因编辑、药物等扰动下的状态变化。Bunne 等（Cell，2024）将其定义为基于多模态、多尺度通用细胞表征、可作为“虚拟实验仪器”指导实验的模型；此后又有人提出虚拟细胞的“世界模型”框架。它目前仍是研究目标，而非已完成验证的工具。 VC0001 VC0131
Do current virtual cell models actually work?现有虚拟细胞模型真的有效吗？
Only partly, according to current benchmarks. Several studies report that deep-learning perturbation models do not yet reliably outperform simple linear baselines, and zero-shot performance of single-cell foundation models is limited. The Virtual Cell Challenge was launched as a “Turing test” to measure progress on exactly these questions.依据现有基准研究，答案是“部分有效”。多项研究显示，深度学习扰动预测模型尚不能稳定超越简单线性基线，单细胞基础模型的零样本表现也有限。“虚拟细胞挑战赛”正是作为一种“图灵测试”来衡量这方面的进展。 VC0048 VC0049 VC0050 VC0002
What is GlioState?GlioState 是什么？
GlioState is a bilingual (English/Chinese) knowledge hub that curates 139 source-verified items on AI virtual cells, read from a neuro-oncology perspective. It is edited by Desheng Kong, MD, a neurosurgeon at Peking University International Hospital. It is for research and education only and is not medical advice.GlioState 是一个中英双语知识库，从神经肿瘤学视角收录 139 条经逐条核验的 AI 虚拟细胞相关条目，由北京大学国际医院神经外科医生 Desheng Kong, MD 主编。仅供科研与教育参考，不构成医疗建议。